Features of social attitudes of interpersonal interaction of "Burned Out" medical volunteers working in emergency situations

Relevance. Professionally oriented volunteering is a supra-situational activity and, due to its high intensity, high demand, and irregular schedule, contributes to increased psycho-emotional stress in interactions with others, depletion of personal resources, and the development of emotional burnout. The specific social attitudes of medical volunteers toward its implementation in extreme situations act as both catalysts and inhibitors.

Purpose. To examine the structural organization of social attitudes in interpersonal interactions among "burned-out" medical volunteers working in emergency situations.

Materials and Methods. The total sample size consisted of 194 medical volunteers aged 18 to 26 years, with one to eight years of experience. Of these, the experimental and control groups included 97 professionally oriented and 97 non-professionally oriented medical students. Standardized questionnaires were used to assess emotional burnout and the components of the social attitudes and interpersonal interaction structure, and mathematical statistics and structural psychological analysis were used to process the results.

Results. The characteristics of social attitudes and interpersonal interactions among professionally and non-professionally oriented medical volunteers working in emergency situations were empirically identified. Professionally oriented medical volunteers, who have a lower burnout score than non-professionally oriented volunteers, have a greater integration of the motivational-need and behavioral components, while professionally oriented volunteers have a greater integration of the cognitive and emotional components. This should be taken into account when developing a burnout prevention program.

Conclusions. The significantly higher burnout rate among non-professionally oriented medical volunteers in the context of extreme volunteering, coupled with a more structured social attitudes toward interpersonal interactions than among professionally oriented volunteers, serves as an adaptive response. The leading role in its occurrence among non-professionally oriented medical volunteers belongs to the emotional and cognitive components of their social attitudes, while the motivational-needs and behavioral components play a key role in overcoming it among professionally oriented volunteers.

1. Azarova E.S. Psikhologicheskie determinanty i effekty dobrovol'cheskoi deyatel'nosti: Avtoref. ... kand. psikhol. nauk / E.S. Azarova. Khabarovsk, 2008.

2. Vasil'kovskaya M.I. Institut molodezhnogo volonterstva kak sotsial'no-kul'turnyi fenomen // Mir nauki. Sotsiologiya, filologiya, kul'turologiya, 2018 №2, https://sfk-mn.ru/PDF/08SCSK218.pdf.

3. Verna V.V., Izzetdinova A.A. Profilaktika professional'nogo vygoraniya meditsinskikh rabotnikov v period rasprostraneniya pandemii koronavirusnoi infektsii COVID-19 // Azimut nauchnykh issledovanii: ekonomika i upravlenie. 2020. T. 9. № 4(33). S.91-94.

4. Golosnoi D.V., Zubova O.G. Trud volontera i ego emotsional'noe vygoranie / V sbornike: Sovremennye innovatsionnye tekhnologii v gumanitarnoi sfere. Sbornik nauchnykh statei obuchayushchikhsya. Sochi, Moskva, 2024. S. 97-99.

5. Gordeeva S.S. Sushchnost' i struktura sotsial'noi ustanovki v sotsiologii i sotsial'noi psikhologii // Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Filosofiya. Psikhologiya. Sotsiologiya. 2016. Vyp. 3(27). S. 135–140. https://doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2016-3-135-140/

6. Ivanova E.M. Psikhologiya professional'noi deyatel'nosti. M., 2006.

7. Karpov, A.V. Metasistemnaya organizatsiya individual'nykh kachestv lichnosti / A.V Karpov. – Yaroslavl': YarGU im. P.G. Demidova, 2018. – 744 s.

8. Kushkhova A.M., Kubova A.A. Stanovlenie volonterskikh dvizhenii v Rossii: problemy razvitiya i dinamika // Vestnik Maikopskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta. 2023. Tom 15, № 4. S. 135-142. https://doi.org/10.47370/2078-1024-2023-15-4-135-142

9. Molochko E.V. Vklad volonterov-medikov Kryma v formirovanie zdorovogo obraza zhizni naseleniya //Nauchnyi vestnik Kryma. 2018. № 6 (17).

10. Molchanova L.N. Vnutriprofessional'naya differentsiatsiya sostoyaniya vygoraniya v pedagogicheskoi deyatel'nosti // Kazanskii pedagogicheskii zhurnal. 2009. № 9-10 (75-76). S. 124-133.

11. Molchanova L.N., Starkova E.E. Transformatsiya sostoyaniya psikhicheskogo vygoraniya v lichnostnye svoistva kak proyavlenie professional'noi deformatsii predstavitelei professii pomogayushchego tipa // Vestnik Kostromskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. N.A. Nekrasova. Seriya: Pedagogika. Psikhologiya. Sotsial'naya rabota. Yuvenologiya. Sotsiokinetika. 2013. T. 19. № 3. S. 40-44.

12. Nikishina V.B., Molchanova L.N. Sostoyaniya vygoraniya meditsinskikh rabotnikov v kontekste vnutriprofessional'noi differentsiatsii // Izvestiya Penzenskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. V.G. Belinskogo. 2011. № 24. S. 986-993.

13. Ovchinnikova I.I., Ermil'chenko S.O., Nedashkovskaya M.P. Rol' volonterstva v period SVO v sovremennom rossiiskom obshchestve / V sbornike: Spetsial'naya voennaya operatsiya (SVO) i grazhdanskoe obshchestvo: sotsial'noe samochuvstvie, otsenka, adaptatsiya. Materialy Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii. Makhachkala, 2024. S. 264-267.

14. Polyakova O.B., Bonkalo T.I. Professional'noe vygoranie meditsinskikh rabotnikov kak posledstvie pandemii COVID-19: sistematicheskii obzor Scopus 2024. Zdorov'e megapolisa. 2025;6(1):98–107. https://doi.org/10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2025.v.6i1;98-107.

15. Rerke V.I., Demakov V.I., Bubnova I.S. Lichnostnye resursy preodoleniya professional'nogo vygoraniya meditsinskikh rabotnikov v period pandemii COVID-19 // Nauchno-pedagogicheskoe obozrenie. 2022. Vyp. 1 (61). S. 170–180. https://doi.org/10.23951/2307-6127-2022-1-170-180.

16. Serova E.A. Profilaktika emotsional'nogo vygoraniya studentov- volonterov kak faktor sokhraneniya ikh psikhicheskogo zdorov'ya: postanovka problemy / V sbornike: Regional'naya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya "Psikhologiya zdorov'ya v obrazovatel'nom protsesse" (s ispol'zovaniem distantsionnykh tekhnologii). Materialy Regional'noi nauchno-prakticheskoi. Pod redaktsiei V.A. Lipatova. Kursk, 2021. S. 98-102.

17. Torotoeva A.M. Volonterstvo v chrezvychainykh situatsiyakh kak vid dobrovol'cheskoi deyatel'nosti: osnovnye cherty, prepyatstviya i vozmozhnosti razvitiya. (Obzor) // Sotsial'nye i gumanitarnye nauki. Otechestvennaya i zarubezhnaya literatura. Ser. 11. Sotsiologiya. – 2022. – № 4. – S. 89–108. DOI: 10.31249/rsoc/2022.04.06.

18. Blanchard C., Kravets V., Schenker M., Moore T.Jr. Emotional intelligence, burnout, and professional fulfillment in clinical year medical students. Med Teach, 2021, vol. 43 no. 9, pp. 1063-1069. DOI: 10.1080/0142159X.2021.1915468.

19. Cullum R.J., Shaughnessy A., Mayat N.Y., Brown M.E. Identity in lockdown: supporting primary care professional identity development in the COVID-19 generation. Educ Prim Care. 2020. 31(4):200-204. DOI: 10.1080/14739879.2020.1779616.

20. Esguerra S. et al. Are medical students happy despite unhappy conditions: a qualitative exploration of medical student cohorts during disruptive conditions. BMC Medical Education. 2023. 23:214 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04203-6.

21. Merino-Soto C., Angulo-Ramos M., Llaja-Rojas V., Chans G.M. Academic performance, emotional intelligence, and academic burnout: A cross-sectional study of a mediational effect in nursing students. Nurse Educ Today, 2024, vol. 139 pp. 106221. DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106221.

22. Yandan Wu & Chunxiao Li Helping Others Helps A Self-Determination Theory Approach on Work Climate and Wellbeing among Volunteers // Applied Research in Quality of Life. 2019. №14, pр.1099–1111. DOI: 10.1007/s11482-018-9642-z.