<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jchr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Электронный научный журнал "Коллекция гуманитарных исследований"</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Collection of Humanitarian Studies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-3585</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Курский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21626/j-chr/2026-3(48)/8</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">jchr-868</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Психологические аспекты доверия искусственному интеллекту в условиях цифрового взаимодействия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychological factors of human trust in artificial intelligence within digital interaction</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гринева</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grineva</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гринева О.М. - доцент кафедры общей психологии факультета психологии</p><p>150051, Ярославль, Школьный проезд 6 к. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga. M. Grineva - Associate professor of the Department of general psychology, Faculty of Psychology</p><p>150051, Yaroslavl, School Passage 6/2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga.grineva982@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ярославский государственный университет имени П.Г. Демидова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>85</fpage><lpage>96</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гринева О.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гринева О.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grineva O.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.j-chr.com/jour/article/view/868">https://www.j-chr.com/jour/article/view/868</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность проблемы обусловлена стремительным ростом применения систем искусственного интеллекта во всех сферах жизни современного человека. Современная молодежь уже на относительно ранних этапах онтогенеза приобретает не только привычку постоянно использовать искусственный разум в разных сферах жизнедеятельности, но и все более некритично относится к продуктам цифровых агентов, вырабатывая тотальное доверие к ним. В то же время, многочисленные сбои в алгоритмах интеллектуальных систем обуславливают высокую значимость избирательного доверия, управления и контроля пользователями их работой.</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: исследование проблемы доверия человека искусственному интеллекту, особенностей этого явления, факторов и этапов его становления.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Проанализирована специфика феномена доверия индивидуума интеллектуальным агентам по сравнению с доверием в межличностных отношениях. Представлены особенности становления первичного и постоянного цифрового доверия человека. Раскрыты технологические и личностные детерминанты цифрового доверия, а также субъективная значимость для пользователя управления действиями ИИ при решении задач. Рассмотрены предпочтения индивидуума во взаимодействии с цифровыми и реальными партнерами в разных жизненных ситуациях.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Специфика цифрового доверия определяется тем, что индивидуум делегирует таким ИИ-системам выполнение своих задач, и при этом переживает чувство своей уязвимости, зависимости от надежности таких сервисов. Готовность доверять цифровым ассистентам обуславливается как их технологическими характеристиками, так и личностными качествами пользователя, а также его возможностью анализировать действия ИИ и управлять ими. Применение цифровых систем для решения логико-познавательных задач субъекта стало тотальным. Однако в ситуациях выбора стратегий оптимизации частной жизни пользователи отдают предпочтение межличностному взаимодействию над сотрудничеством с ИИ-компаньонами.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance of the problem is due to the rapid growth of artificial intelligence systems’ use in all of modern human life areas. At relatively early stages of ontogenesis, modern youth not only acquire the habit of constantly using artificial intelligence in various aspects of their lives, but also become increasingly uncritical about digital agents’ products, developing total trust in them.</p><p>At the same time, numerous malfunctions in the intelligent systems’ algorithms determine the high importance of selective trust, user management and control of their work.</p><sec><title>Рurpose</title><p>Рurpose. To study the problem of human trust in artificial intelligence, specifics of this phenomenon, factors and stages of its formation.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The specifics of the phenomenon of an individual's trust in intellectual agents in comparison with trust in interpersonal relationships is analyzed. Special features of the formation of primary and per-manent digital human trust are presented. The technological and personal determinants of digital trust are revealed, as well as subjective importance for the user of managing AI actions in solving problems. The preferences of an individual in interaction with digital and real partners in different life situations are considered.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The specificity of digital trust is defined by the fact that an individual delegates tasks to such AI systems while simultaneously experiencing a sense of vulnerability and dependence on their reliability. The willingness to trust digital assistants is determined by both their technological characteristics and the user’s personal qualities, as well as their ability to analyze and manage AI actions. The use of digital systems to solve logical and cognitive tasks of the subject has become total. However, in situations of choosing privacy optimization strategies, users prefer interpersonal interaction over collaboration with AI companions.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>цифровое доверие</kwd><kwd>интеллектуальные системы</kwd><kwd>умные технологии</kwd><kwd>решение задач</kwd><kwd>цифровая вовлеченность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>digital trust</kwd><kwd>intelligent systems</kwd><kwd>smart technologies</kwd><kwd>problem-solving</kwd><kwd>digital engagement</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арнаутова, Е. А. Особенности взаимоотношений подростков цифрового поколения с родителями / Е. А. Арнаутова. – Текст : электронный // Коллекция гуманитарных исследований. – 2018. – Вып. 5. – С. 40–45. – URL : https://www.j-chr.com/jour/article/view/57/57 (дата обращения : 22.04.2026)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arnautova E. A. Osobennosti vzaimootnosheniy podrostkov tsifrovogo pokoleniya s roditelyami // Kollektsiya gumanitarnykh issledovaniy. 2018. Vyp. 5. S. 40–45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Веселов, Ю. В. Доверие в цифровом обществе / Ю. В. Веселов. – Текст : электронный // Вестник СПбГУ. – 2020. – Т. 13. – Вып. 2. – С. 129–142. – URL : https://sociologyjournal.spbu.ru/article/view/9163 (дата обращения : 22.04.2026)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veselov Yu. V. Doveriye v tsifrovom obshchestve // Vestnik SPbGU. 2020. T. 13. Vyp. 2. S. 129–142.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Винокуров, Ф.Н. Экспериментальное сравнение доверия искусственному интеллекту и человеку в экономических решениях / Ф. Н. Винокуров, Е. Д. Садовская. – Текст : электронный// Экспериментальная психология. – 2023. – Т. 16. – № 2. – С. 87–100. – URL : https://psyjournals.ru/journals/exppsy/archive/2023_n2/vinokurov_sadovskaya?ysclid=muikwl91gh840899317 (дата обращения : 22.04.2026)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vinokurov F. N., Sadovskaya E. D. Eksperimental′noye sravneniye doveriya iskusstvennomu intellektu i cheloveku v ekonomicheskikh resheniyakh // Eksperimental′naya psikhologiya. 2023. T. 16. № 2. S. 87–100.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гарбук, С. В. Особенности применения понятия «доверие» в области искусственного интеллекта / С. В. Гарбук. – Текст : электронный // Искусственный интеллект и принятие решений. – 2020. – № 3. – С. 15–21. – URL : https://www.mathnet.ru/php/archive.phtml?wshow=paper&amp;jrnid=iipr&amp;paperid=141&amp;option_lang=rus&amp;ysclid=muikyedkex281705636 (дата обращения : 22.04.2026)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garbuk S. V. Osobennosti primeneniya ponyatiya «doveriye» v oblasti iskusstvennogo intellekta // Iskusstvennyy intellekt i prinyatiye resheniy. 2020. № 3. S. 15–21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лешкевич, Т. Г. Парадокс доверия к искусственному интеллекту и его обоснование / Т. Г. Лешкевич. – Текст : электронный // Философия науки и техники. – 2023. – Т. 28, № 1. – С. 34–47. – URL : https://pst.iphras.ru/article/view/8861 (дата обращения : 22.04.2026)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leshkevich T. G. Paradoks doveriya k iskusstvennomu intellektu i yego obosnovaniye // Filosofiya nauki i tekhniki. 2023. T. 28, № 1. S. 34–47.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Машевская, О. В. Цифровые технологии как основа цифровой трансформации современного общества / О. В. Машевская. – Текст : электронный// Вестник Полесского государственного университета. Серия общественных и гуманитарных наук. – 2020. – № 1. – С. 37–44. – URL : https://rep.polessu.by/bitstream/123456789/18918/1/Mashevskaia_O.V._Tsifrovye_tekhnologii_kak_osnova%20tsifrovoi%20transformatsii%20sovremennogo%20obshchestva.pdf?ysclid=muil1m8n9y383447682 (дата обращения : 22.04.2026)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mashevskaya O. V. Tsifrovyye tekhnologii kak osnova tsifrovoy transformatsii sovremennogo obshchestva // Vestnik Polesskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya obshchestvennykh i gumanitarnykh nauk. 2020. № 1. S. 37–44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Солдатова, Г.У. Цифровые предикторы психологического благополучия молодежи в реальном и виртуальном мирах / Г. У. Солдатова, С. В. Чигарькова, С. Н. Илюхина. – Текст : электронный // Вестник Московского университета. Серия 14. Психология. – 2025. – Т. 48, № 1. – С. 78–100. – URL : https://msupsyj.ru/upload/iblock/8c1/u6wzhexncdjxg4t2fgn5muwwpt-cust47/04_Soldatova_Chigarkova_Ilyuhina_vmu_1_2025_78_100.pdf?ysclid=muil4a9skb559494617 (дата обращения : 22.04.2026)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soldatova G. U., Chigar′kova S. V., Ilyukhina S. N. Tsifrovyye prediktory psikhologicheskogo blagopoluchiya molodezhi v real′nom i virtual′nom mirakh // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сычев, А. А. В поисках надежности: трансформация доверия в эпоху цифровых технологий / А.А. Сычев. – Текст : электронный// Социальная диагностика. – 2024. – № 5 (183). – С. 37–59. – URL : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/386598846_V_poiskah_nadeznosti_transformacia_doveria_v_epohu_cifrovyh_tehnologijLooking_for_Confidence_Transformation_of_Trust_in_the_Digital_Age (дата обращения : 22.04.2026)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dietvorst B. J., Simmons J. P., Massey C. Algorithm aversion: People erroneously avoid algorithms after seeing them err // Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 2015. No. 144(1). P. 114–126.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dietvorst, B. J., Simmons, J. P., Massey, C. Algorithm aversion: People erroneously avoid algorithms after seeing them err // Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. – 2015. – No.144(1). – P. 114–126.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Floridi L. The method of levels of abstraction // Minds and machines. 2008. No. 18(3). P. 303–329.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Floridi, L. The method of levels of abstraction // Minds and machines. – 2008. – No. 18(3). – P. 303–329.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galindez–Acosta J. S., Giraldo–Huertas J. J. Trust behavior in AI emerges from distrust in humans: A machine learning study on decision–making guidance // Computers in Human Behavior Reports. 2026. Vol. 22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2026.101024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galindez–Acosta, J. S., Giraldo–Huertas, J. J. Trust behavior in AI emerges from distrust in humans: A machine learning study on decision–making guidance // Computers in Human Behavior Reports. – 2026. – Vol. 22. – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2026.101024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gillespie N., Lockey S., Curtis C. Trust in artificial intelligence: A five country study. Queensland : The University of Queensland and KPMG, 2021. 64 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gillespie, N., Lockey, S., Curtis, C. Trust in artificial intelligence: A five country study. – Queensland : The University of Queensland and KPMG, 2021. – 64 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gupta A., Mund A., Roy S., Garg P., Kumar D. Trust in ai systems: a social–psychological investigation of human–AI collaboration // Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology. 2025. Vol. 32. No. S7. P. 428–446.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gupta, A., Mund, A., Roy, S., Garg, P., Kumar, D. Trust in ai systems: a social–psychological investigation of human–AI collaboration // Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology. – 2025. – Vol. 32. –No. S7. – P. 428–446.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gupta S., Yadav N., Singh K., Garg P. Applications of simulations and queuing theory in supermarket. Reliability // Theory &amp; Applications. 2025. No. 20(1 (82)) P. 135–140.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gupta, S., Yadav, N., Singh, K., Garg, P. Applications of simulations and queuing theory in supermarket. Reliability // Theory &amp; Applications. – 2025. – No. 20(1 (82)). – P. 135–140.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hartmann T., Golghoorn Ch. Horton and Wohl revisited: exploring viewers' experience of parasocial interaction // Journal of communication. 2011. No 61(6). P. 1104-1121.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hartmann, T., Golghoorn, Ch. Horton and Wohl revisited: exploring viewers' experience of parasocial interaction // Journal of communication. – 2011. – No 61(6). – P. 1104-1121.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoehl B., Krenn B., Vincze M. Honest machines? A cross–disciplinary perspective on trustworthy technology for children // Frontiers in Developmental Psychology. 2024. No, 2. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdpys.2024.1308881.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoehl, B., Krenn, B., Vincze, M. Honest machines? A cross–disciplinary perspective on trust-worthy technology for children // Frontiers in Developmental Psychology. – 2024. – No, 2. – https://doi.org/10.3389/fdpys.2024.1308881.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jeung J. L., Huang J–Y. Correct me if i am wrong: exploring how ai outputs affect user perception and trust // Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing. New York: ACM, 2023. P. 323–327.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jeung, J. L., Huang, J–Y. Correct me if i am wrong: exploring how ai outputs affect user perception and trust // Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing. – New York: ACM, 2023. – P. 323–327.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Langer M., Konig C. Trust in Artificial Intelligence: Comparing trust processes between human and automated trustees in light of unfair bias // Journal of Business and psychology. 2022. No. 38(2). P. 1–16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Langer, M., Konig, C. Trust in Artificial Intelligence: Comparing trust processes between human and automated trustees in light of unfair bias // Journal of Business and psychology. – 2022. – No. 38(2). – P. 1–16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee K. M., Jung Y., Kim J., Kim S. R. Are physically embodied social agents better than disembodied social agents?: The effects of physical embodiment, tactile interaction, and people’s loneliness in human–robot interaction // International Journal of Human–Computer Studies. 2006. No 64(10). P. 962–973.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee, K. M., Jung, Y., Kim, J., Kim, S. R. Are physically embodied social agents better than disembodied social agents?: The effects of physical embodiment, tactile interaction, and people’s loneliness in human–robot interaction // International Journal of Human–Computer Studies. – 2006. – No 64(10). – P. 962–973.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roesler E. The dynamics of human–robot trust attitude and behavior — Exploring the effects of anthropomorphism and type of failure // Computers in Human Behavior. 2024. Vol. 150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.108008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roesler, E. The dynamics of human–robot trust attitude and behavior — Exploring the effects of anthropomorphism and type of failure // Computers in Human Behavior. – 2024. – Vol.150. – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.108008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryan M. In AI we trust: ethics, artificial intelligence, and reliability // Sci Eng Ethics. 2020. No26(5). P. 2749–2767.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ryan, M. In AI we trust: ethics, artificial intelligence, and reliability // Sci Eng Ethics. – 2020. – No 26(5). – P. 2749–2767.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sethumadhavan A. Trust in artificial intelligence // Ergonomics in Design. 2019. No. 27(2). P. 34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sethumadhavan, A. Trust in artificial intelligence // Ergonomics in Design. – 2019. – No.27(2). – P. 34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siau K., Wang W. Building trust in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and robotics // Cutter business technology journal. 2018. Vol. 31. No. 2. P. 47–53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Siau, K., Wang, W. Building trust in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and robotics // Cutter business technology journal. – 2018. – Vol. 31. – No. 2. – P. 47–53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun X., Ma R., Wei S., Cesar P., Bosch J. A., El A. A. Understanding trust toward human ver-sus AI generated health information through behavioral and physiological sensing // International Journal of Human Computer Studies. 2026. No 209. P. 1–25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun, X., Ma, R., Wei, S., Cesar, P., Bosch, J. A., El, A. A. Understanding trust toward human versus AI generated health information through behavioral and physiological sensing // International Journal of Human Computer Studies. – 2026. – No 209. – P. 1–25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu Yi., Huang Y., Wang J., Zhou D. How do employees form initial trust in artificial intelligence: hard to explain but leaders help // Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources. 2024. No 62(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/1744–7941.12402.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu, Yi., Huang, Y., Wang, J., Zhou, D. How do employees form initial trust in artificial intelligence: hard to explain but leaders help // Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources. – 2024. – No 62(3). – https://doi.org/10.1111/1744–7941.12402.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang Q., Lee. M., Carter S. You complete me: human–AI teams and complementary expertise // CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New Orleans, 2022. P. 1–28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang, Q., Lee., M., Carter, S. You complete me: human–AI teams and complementary expertise // CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. – New Orleans, 2022. – P. 1–28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou Ch. From initial trust to critical reconstruction: upper secondary students’ engagement with generative AI in science learning // Frontiers in psychology. 2026. Vol. 17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1830646.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou, Ch. From initial trust to critical reconstruction: upper secondary students’ engagement with generative AI in science learning // Frontiers in psychology. – 2026. – Vol. 17. – https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1830646.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou, Ch. From initial trust to critical reconstruction: upper secondary students’ engagement with generative AI in science learning // Frontiers in psychology. – 2026. – Vol. 17. – https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1830646.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
